RĂDĂUȚI

The Jewish Files of Rădăuți

2009-09-10T02:57:00.000-07:00

In answer to the request of the Police Chief to restrict the purchase of milk by Jews, the Mayor of the city of Rădăuți stated:

"Following the evacuation of the kikes [Rom.: jidanilor] from Rădăuți, the market now has sufficient milk supply."

He meant the Jews of Rădăuți, a small town in the Bukovina near the present Ukrainian/Romanian border, once a center of Jewish life. He says "evacuation", but that's just an euphemism, as in the fall of 1941 more than 10,000 Jews (men, women and children) were deported from Rădăuți to Transnistria, an area limited by the Dniester and the Southern Bug rivers, conceived by the Romanian ruling powers as a collective concentration camp for the Romanian Jews. Two out of three of these poor people perished under deplorable conditions.

The request of the Police Chief and the answer from the Mayor take up less than ten lines on a document from the "Jewish Files of Rădăuți", but presents - together with other documents from the Romanian National Archives, Suceava County Branch - a microcosm of the Jewish suffering in Romania: persecution, deportation, extermination.

Other substantial documents still to be translated, are for example:

International interventions in favor of Romanian Jews,
Forced Labor,
Ban on Jewish Travel,
Concentration and Liberation,
E. Patac, Advocate for Jews,
Economic Suppression,
Loyalty Declarations,
Police Assaults,
Siret and Dorohoi Jews,
Social Democrats and Communists,
Transnistria Camp Edineți.

Copies of these documents have been requested by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington.

Jewish Properties - January/March 1941

2009-09-09T23:30:00.000-07:00

Mr. Prefect,

In the commune of Dornesti, Radauti County, there is a prayer house built five years ago with the contribution of the Jewish inhabitants of this commune where, until recently, holy services stated by the mosaïque religion were held.
Yesterday, January the 14th, current year, around 16:00 hour, a communal guard present himself, at the Mr. Mayor order, to the inhabitant Salomon Landau, asking him for the prayer house key. Afterwards Mr. Mayor accompanied by Mr. Gerula, and others, came to the holy house. On behalf of the Jews part from the first moment Mr. Moses Landau was present, than Mr. B. Eiferman and Josef Zalzman. After a thorough search made in all ubiquitous places, Mr. Mayor gave a verbal order to the attending Jews that in 3 hours time all the holy things and prayer books must be taken out, leaving on site the benches and the tables, because The Legionaire Headquarters of the Dornesti commune must be installed in this building.
At Mr. Eiferman request, who pointed out that it will be impossible to carry on this order in 3 hours time, Mr. Mayor agree for a delay until today, 17:00 hour.
Bringing the matter to your attention, we dare to appeal to your religious feeling, asking you to deign to intervene for the annulment of this order in order to preserve this sole prayer house.

Accept, Mr. Prefect, the promise of our gratitude and our thanks.

Signed by 12 members of Dornesti Jewish community:

Salomon Landau
Josef Salzman
Adolf Rosenthal
Beil Landau
[...] Landau
Benn Eiferman
[...] Seligman
Wolf Freier
[...] Breier
[...] Metsch
Beil Mauser
Salo Windrech

Prefecture entry no. 800 – 1/16/1941

PRETURA PLĂŞII ŞTEFAN VODA [headquarter of a county subdivision]
To Radauti County Prefecture
No. 108/41 Radauti, on 1//30/1941
Your file reference no. 800 from 1941
Re: Closing the prayer house from Dornesti commune

To your order no. 800/941, we have the honor to forward you the protest of the Jewish inhabitants of the Dornesti commune with our information attached.

Pretor:
Dr. Seraba Gheorghe
Secretary:
Martinescu Gheorghe
Prefecture entry no.1830 – 1/30/1941

INFORMATION
Investigation the protest of Jewish inhabitants from Dornesti commune regarding the closing of the prayer house, we established that the former mayor Roy Dimitrie misuse the power invested in him by the fact that he closes the prayer house of the Jewish inhabitants, taken the keys with him.
The keys of the prayer house have been taken over by the current mayor.
We are recommending the restitution of those keys and the reopening of the prayer house, according to the resolution of The Ministry for Cults and Arts advertised in The Official Collection of Laws no. 216 from 9/21/1940, also sending the former mayor in a court of law for power misuse.
Pretor: …

Prefect resolution: To hand over the keys to Dornesti Jewish community.
Lt.Col. Ionescu

CONFIDENTIAL
ROMANIA HOME OFFICE
GENERAL SECRETARY OFFICE
Our no: 1411/24.04.1941

MR. PREFECT,
Re: your letter no 1411/17.03.1941

Please take the necessary measure to verify again the situation you send to our request under the above entry because it is incomplete.
The situation will be presented according to the template shown on reverse.
You will mention in the table only the shops taken by force, as well as the ones which although taken by force and later on given back, a trial or a law-suit were open. You will no longer mention in this table the shops given back to the former owners who did not make any ulterior claims.
These ones will still be mentioned at the end of the table as information, naming only the place town the shops are providing for.
The deadline for these tables presentation is May 02, 1941, without any delay.

General Secretary,
Colonel N. Patrutoiu
To His Excellency
The Radauti County Prefect
Prefect Office Entry: 13/28.04.1941

The prefect resolution: to resolve and to add the missing situations according to these demands.
Signed: General Ionescu

Apprentices and Foreman - March 1941

2009-09-09T22:30:00.000-07:00

Radauti City Hall  
COPY

Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Care
Labor department
Vocational training and qualification office
LM no 292 [?]
Exit no. 178513 from 3/25/1941
Local Labor Office of Radauti
Receiving no 579 from 3/31/1941

Re: our previous decrees no 102737-11/26/1940; 109325-12/5/1940 and 129839-1/9/1941 ordering the immediate distribution’s halt of the qualification paper for Jewish workers who already passed the qualifications exams, the interdictions for Jewish workers to pass this exams and, until further notice, to discontinue registration of the apprentices working contracts,
We are bringing to your attention the Decree no. 97484 from 3/8/1941 stating the following:

1. Effective immediately, the cancelation of all apprentices contracts of Jewish apprentices, with Jewish or Christian foremen.

Therefore, you will order to:

a) Make this notification on every copy of every contract you have.
b) Make this notification also in the contracts register.
c) Send a letter to each foremen and parents or legal tutor of each apprentice. This letter must outline the contract duration and how much of it was accomplished.

2. The Romanian apprentices’ contracts with Jewish foremen will continue until completion or until the end of Jewish foremen’s activities. An apprentice certificate, under the Law 45 about professional training and trades, will be released for these apprentices.

3. The Jewish employees’ - workers and foremen - qualifications documents will be canceled and confiscated at their dismissal, under the Decree-Law for the enterprises’ workers Romanization from 11/16/1940. The ministry will issue special decrees on each occasion.

4. Will be canceled also the qualifications documents already released to Jewish workers and foremen which are not owners with tradesman patent.
The labor and social care’s inspectors will confiscate any of this documents they will find and they will send them to the local labor office, this one will send them to the labor ministry for cancelation. As the local labor office will receive the ministry’s notification of the cancelation they will make a note in the respective qualification’s file or if a single notification will be received for multiple files they will indicate on each file the ministry notification’s number. The same notification will be written on the release register.

5. Effective immediately, no qualification contract for Jewish apprentices will be register. The local labor office will refuse to register any of these demands.

6. Only the Jewish foremen owning a tradesman patent will be allowed to train apprentices.

7. Effective immediately, no qualification documents for workers and foreman and no tradesman patents will be release for Jews. These means will confirm and complete the decision no. 64504/1940 sent to you under no. 102737/1940.

8. All the above orders are also for Jews with foreign citizenships.

Citizens with one Jewish parent or grandparent will be considered Jews. If the grandparents embrace the Christian faith before his parent’s birth, the respective citizen will no longer be considered Jew. The affiliation to the mosaic cult will legally prove the Jewish ethnicity. The affiliation to any other cult will not presume or prove the Jewish ethnicity.

The decree no 64504 – 11/22/1940, 67704 – 12/4/1940 and 75783 – 1/3/1941 are annulled.
Please read and confirm, exactly.

General Manager,
D. Constantinescu
Director,
[… Illegible]

This decree was publisher in the Official Law Collection no.69 – 3/22/1941

The Elias Eisig Case - March/May 1941

2009-09-09T21:30:00.000-07:00

Mr. Prefect,

The undersign Elias Eisig, private person with residence in the city of Siret, Stefan cel Mare Street; I am honored to request the following:

The undersign I lived in my own house in Gropeni commune were I was the exclusive owner of a house and a garden of 95 prăjini (~18000 sqm). During the last government rule I was evacuated from this farmhouse of mine and currently I live in the city of Siret. This was made under The Decree-Law from 10/5/1940 regarding the Jewish properties transition to The State Ownership.
Therefore my house remains unattended and the villains take it apart and everybody take something of it and there is the risk to be completely taken apart, that is completely ruined.
But the article 5, type b) from the above Decree-Law from 10/5/1940 is stating that the land around the house, with a surface below 2000 sqm, is not subject of this decree, is therefore exempt from this expropriation and is still my property, the undersigned I am honored to please Mr. Prefect to deign to order to be allowed to take what things remains from this house as excusive property of mine.
I want to underline that I was to Mr. Primpretor (the government representative in the commune) Gh. Rusu, which gave me a note for the communal notary from Negostina, but this one argue that a note from Mr. Pretor is too little for him and he cannot allow me to take anything.

Please, Mr. Prefect, accept my outstanding esteem and reverence,

Elias Eisig

To his Excellency
Mr. Prefect of Radauti County
Receiving no 6885 – 3/20/1941

Mr. Prefect,

To the undersign request from 3/20/1941 under the prefecture registration no 6885/41, I received your response under no 6885/41 from 3/22/1941 by which you inform me: “you are authorized to remove and transport the house holds that you leaved in Gropeni commune, Radauti county. The mayor of Gropeni commune is asked to assist if necessary.”
The undersign present me, together with the mayor, to this address but together we establish that the household are missing and there are no more.
The undersign, with respect Mr. Prefect, I ask you to deign to order the restitution of my house and adjacent buildings because the art. 5 type b) from The Decree-Law published in The Official Collection of Law no 233 – 10/5/1940 is stating “The land around Jewish houses, situated inner villages or boroughs, below the surface of 2000 sqm are exempted from expropriation and remain the property of the undersigned.
I underline that Mr. Mayor gave my house to a man called Vasile Berezowski, son of Iwan from Gropeni, which is destroying my house, burning and using the beams and the roof as if he owns them.

Please, Mr. Prefect, accept my outstanding esteem and high reverence,

Elias Eisig

To his Excellency
Mr. Prefect of Radauti County
Receiving no 9280 – 4/8/1941

COPY
REPORT

Today 26, month of April, one thousand nine hundred and forty one year, in Negostina.
We, gendarme warrant Gheorghiu Vasile, head of The Gendarme Office in Negostina, from Radauti Gendarme Legion.
Referring to the order 3007/1941 issued by the Radauti Prosecution Court register to our office under no150/1941, asking us to investigate the written appeal of the Jew Elias Eisig from the city of Siret, Radauti County, in which he is complaining about Vasile Berizovschi, inhabitant of the Gropeni village, Radauti County, for taking him out of his house situated in the heart of Gropeni village, by force, and then destroying it by fire.
Referring to Mr. Prosecutor ordering us that, in union with the commune mayor, to take actions that the above mentioned property not to be destroyed.
Based on the above mentioned, we proceed to investigate the case together with Ioan Frasiniuc, the commune mayor and Lazar Suceveanu, the commune notary and here are the results:
The Jew Elias Eisig from the city of Siret complain to The Prosecution Court that he is the owner of one house and 80 prăjini (~16000 sqm) garden land in the heart of Gropeni village and by The Decree-Law published in The Official Collection Of Laws no 233 from 10/5/1940 the above-named should remain owner of the house and of 2000 sqm. The Jew Elias Eisig complains that the inhabitant Vasile Berijovschi took him out of the house forcefully and currently is destroying the house by fire.We are mentioning that the Jew complains are not true because the Jew Elias Eisig complain that the house is situated in the heart of Gropeni village but in reality this house is situated 2 km from Negostina, 1 km from Gropeni village and 500 m from Balcauti village, under the name of ratus no.2 (?) and according to the article 3 from The Decree-Law For The Jewish Properties Transition To The State Ownership, published in The Official Collection Of Laws no 233 from 10/5/1940, this wealth is definitely shifted into the state property, therefore the Jew Elias Eisig is no longer entitled.
The Jew Elias Eisig was not forced out from his house by the inhabitant Vasile Berijovschi, but himself left the house in the summer of 1940, establishing his residency in the city of Siret. Leaving the house, the Jew dismantle the windows, the doors, the hotplates of the stoves, the planks from a mill behind the house and two mill stones and sold them himself, pretending in the month of August that all these were destroyed by the army, but in reality and according to our research we found that the army was just passing by and had no interest in destroying.
The inhabitant Vasile Berijovschi was given the house on March, 27 1941, by the legal comity for the Jewish rural wealth taking over, under the obligation of taking care of the house and of the annexes [independenţele – sic!] around this house.
The land around the house was rent out to the same inhabitant as he is a poor man, without house and having four children.
Therefore, we closed this report and we present it to The Radauti Prosecution Court for the legal procedure.

Head of the Gendarme Office
Gendarme Warrant Gheorghiu Vasile
Mayor
Ioan Frasiniuc
Notary
Lazar Suceveanu

This copy is identical to the original; we are certifying the accuracy,
Head of the Gendarme Office
Gendarme Warrant Gheorghiu Vasile

Copy
Romania
Radauti County Prefecture
Administrative Office
No 9280 – 5/1/1941
To Mr. Slias Eisig
Siret
Stefan cel Mare Street

To your request no 9280/1941 we inform you that according to The Decree-Law no 3347 published in The Official Collection Of Laws no 233/1940, the land surrounding Jewish houses in surface under 2000 sqm, as well as the house itself, are exempted from expropriation.
You are the rightful owner of these goods and you can dispose of them.

For the Prefect,
Dr. A. Lucescu
Head of the Office
E. Caragea

This copy is identical to the original; we are certifying the accuracy,
Head of the Negostina Gendarme Office
Gendarme Warrant Gheorghiu Vasile

No. 285
5/8/1941

Negostina Gendarme office
To Radauti Gendarme Legion

I am honored to send you a copy of The Radauti County Prefecture order no 9280 – 5/1/1941 for the Negostina Commune Hall and a copy of the same order for the Jew Eles Aizic from Siret, informing him that, by The Decree-Law no. 3347 published in The Official Collection Of Laws no. 233 – 10/5/1940, he is the rightful owner of a house and 2000sqm.
In the same time we want to report the following:
Today, 5/8/1941, according to the above order, the Negostina commune notary appropriate to the Jew Eles Aizic from Siret, Stefan cel Mare Street, a house and 2000 sqm.
The house in question is situated 2 km south of Negostina commune, 1 km west of Gropeni village and 500 m east of Balcauti village at the crossroad Balcauti/Gramesti/County Road Siret-Suceava. Near the house there is 1 hectar (~100sqm) farming land and 13 arii (working space for machines) and two large stables, under the name of Ratus nr. 2.
The Jew Eles Aizic left this Ratus in the summer of 1940, leaving it unattended and leaving for the city of Siret.
According to the article 3 from The Decree-Law for the Jewish Properties Transition to the State Ownership, published in The Official Collection Of Laws no 233 from 10/5/1940 and as it is situated outside the village this Ratus is considered as manor and goes without saying in the state ownership and as until now this Jew did not reclaim this property, on March 27 1941, at the inhabitant Vasile Berejovschi from Balcauti village request, a poor man, without house, without a strip of land, and 4 (four) children, the comity for the German and Jewish wealth taking over, appropriate this inhabitant under the obligation to plough the land and take care of the house because the Jew destroy it when he left.
After the inhabitant Vasile Berejovschi plough and seed the land near the house, today, the Jew took possession of it warning him to leave until may 20 c.y. leaving him without the harvest.
We are also reporting that this Jew made a written complain to the Radauti Prosecution Court against the inhabitant Vasile Berejovschi that this one took him out of the house forcefully and destroy it by fire but our local researches indicate that none of this is true as stated in the attached copy of the report.
We are asking you to deign to intervene to the authorities in charge to send a comity to establish if the goods above mentioned are in the category of article 3 or 5 from The Decree-Law. Currently, all the Jews living in the area of Negostina Gendarmerie Office, who left their rural fortunes, begin to return to the villages reclaiming repossession, even if one of them already sell it.
In addition to the above the Jews began to swarm the villages and to spread alarming ideas among rural population because they are the enemies of the Romanian homeland, proved at the surrender of Bessarabia and Northern Bucovina.

Head of the Negostina Gendarme Office
Gendarme Warrant Gheorghiu Vasile

Ghetto and Hostages - July 1941

2009-09-09T20:30:00.000-07:00

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE OFFICE
No 860 – 7/2/1941

SECRET

TO: RADAUTI CITY POLICE

According to encrypted telegraphic order no 4599 – 6/30/1941 issued by the Home Office we are bringing to your attention the following:

The soviets are aiming to produce sabotage actions, disorder and aggressions behind the front line.
To do this they are parachuting spies and armed terrorists who occasionally are wearing women cloths.
These enemy agents are contacting local agents and Jewish communist population to organize sabotages terrorist and aggression actions.
To stop this situation Gen Antonescu command:

1. Jewish men between 18–60 years old in your city to be confined in Jewish quarters preferably in Jewish schools or other large buildings under strict surveillance and immediately sanctioning any disturbing action. Jewish quarters are to be more strictly guarded.
2. A curfew for Jewish population will be installed from 08.00PM until 07.00 AM.
3. 15 hostages will be held among well known communities’ leaders: rabbis, schechters, etc, communists and legionnaire-communists, they will be confined in a separate building and in case of any rebellion or terrorist actions they will be shot on the spot.

In order to strictly obey these orders you will do the followings:

1. The following hostages are to be confined in The Boys Boarding School under Radauti Garrison surveillance:

Wassermann David – former community president
Chaim Mechel – idem
Ausläder Isac – wholesaler
Pressner Isidor – the community president
Goldschläger Efroim – soap maker
Zomer – wholesaler
Costener – wholesaler

2. The following hostages are to be confined in The Romanian House former German House under your surveillance:

Ureche Cuciurovschi Dumitru
Heinmann Max
Riszker Israel
Morit Beer
Dascal Osvald
Flaschenberg Moses
Mindringer Baruch
Muhlrad Wolf
Weinstein Iacob
Baruch Elias
Fränchel Isac
Bruger Mendel
Parizer - from Siret city
Eizinstein – idem
Bär – idem

3. All Jewish men between 18-60 years old will be taken from the rest of the city quarters and housed in Jewish Lane Quarter, under strict surveillance.
4. A number of men between 18-40 years old, presumably dangerous for the state security, will be selected among these ones and confined in The Jewish School under strict around the clock surveillance.
5. You will strictly obey these orders…

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

TELEGRAM no 20570 – 7/3/1941 – 12.30 AM
Received at the Radauti prefecture (administrative district) on 7/3/1941 under no 881

General Antonescu command:

The soviets are trying by all means to undermine, to produce disorder and aggressions behind our front line – stop - to aim this they are parachuting spies and armed terrorist; until now a Yassy born baker and a college girl were discovered - they flea Russia and were flown back with soviet airplane – stop – in Constanta women cloths were founded in a crashed soviet airplane with which the pilot should disguise in case of his capture – stop – all this enemy agents will contact in our country local resident agents and together with the iudeo-communists population will organize terrorist actions, sabotage and aggressions – stop – to curb this situation Gen Antonescu command to immediately take the following measures: 1. In all cities with consistent Jewish population free circulation on streets … [file 3 of the original telegram is missing…] small cities in your county you are ask to report the number of suspects and hostages confined in camps in each cities.

TELEGRAM 7/4/1941
Sent by the Radauti prefect Lt. Col. Ionescu
In answer to the telegram 20570 – 7/3/1941 - I report the imprisonment of 17 hostages as principal leaders and 150 others presumably dangerous – stop - all of them are confined in special buildings under police surveillance as well an army platoon – stop – the rest of Jewish men are confined under strict control and surveillance in the Jewish quarter.

Telegram
Home office
Bucharest
At your encrypted order no. 4599 from 6/30/1941 I have the honor to report the following measures taken – stop – it was decided that Jewish men from 18 to 60 years old to be put under surveillance inside a restricted area and the young ones from 18 to 40 years old in bigger buildings in order to be more easily guarded – stop – hostages among more important persons has been taken – stop – in a separate building communists and legionnaire-communists have been put under surveillance – stop – an order about sanctions for terrorists actions has been issued – stop
Radauti prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu
HOSTAGES
Wassermann David – former president of the cult
Chaim Mechel – idem
Auslander Isac – wholesaler
Pressner Isidor – president of the cult
Gildschlander Efroim – soap maker
Zomer - wholesaler
Costner - wholesaler
LABELED COMMUNISTS
Heissmann Max – labeled communist
Riszker Israel – idem
Moritz Beer – with automobile spare parts (?)
Dascal Osvald – communist
Flaschenberg Moses Frifer – idem
Mindrighin Baruch – idem
Muhlrad Wolf – idem
Weistein Iacob – idem
Baruch Elias – idem
Frenchel Isac – idem
Burger Mendel – driver - idem
SUSPECTED LABELED COMMUNIST – from Siret
Parizer
Eizinstein
Bar
LEGIONNAIRE COMMUNISTS
Ureche - enrolled in the army
Cuciurovski Dumitru – he was detained but released by Col. Opritoiu

Star or no Star - April/September 1941

2009-09-09T19:30:00.000-07:00

Bucovina Province Government
The Military office
Ordinance no 15/1943

We, Corneliu Calotescu, Division General, Bucovina Province Governor
Seeing the report issued by The Military Office no 12319/943
Upon the rights granted by The Decree-Law no. 2506 advertised in The Official Collection of Laws no. 209 / 9/4/1941

Ordain:

Entry I. - Jews of all age and gender are obligated to wear on the left side of the chest, visibly, the distinctive mark – the Star of David – formed of two overlapped equilateral triangle with 6 cm sides, made of yellow fabric, as mentioned in the entry 6 from Ordinance no. 1344/1941.
The star is to be sewn on the overcoat as well as on the light overcoat, fur coat etc as well as on the clothes and dresses, so that when the coat or the light overcoat were removed, the star can be seen on the clothes, dresses etc.
Entry II. – Any deviation from the present ordinance will be punished by labor camp confinement
Entry III. – The following are not forced to comply with the present ordinance provision:

a) The baptized Jews, if the conversion is mentioned in The Official Civil Status Records
b) The Jewish women married to Christians
c) The Jewish women who have been married to Christians and have Christian children

The printout proof for those exempted from the wearing of the star, for those mentioned on entry a) will be made with papers issued by The Office of Civil Records, and for those mentioned on entry b) and c) with papers issued by The County Jewish Office.
Entry IV. – Any orders opposed to the present ordinance are and remain annulled.
Entry V. – The Police and Gendarmerie officers are in charge to carry out the present ordinance dispositions.

Issued in Cernowitz, today, 26th of February 1943
Bucovina Province Governor, Division General, Corneliu Calotescu
In conformity,
Head of the 2nd Bureau
Major Gh. Sion

ROMANIA
HOME OFFICE
Under-secretary of state office
No 8368 – 9/3/1941

MR. PREFECT,

I am honored to inform you that all Jews (men, women and children) from all over the county, are obliged to wear a distinctive mark, a six corner star (the star of David) placed in a square frame of 8,5 cm / 8,5 cm.
Each side of the triangles forming the star will have 6 cm.
The square (frame) sides and the triangle sides will have 6 mm width.
The star (the two overlapping triangles, pointing in opposite direction), as well as the frame, will be black on white background.
The mark will be sewed on the coat, on the left side of the chest.
The Jews will be obliged to wear this mark within 5 days from the present order receiving.
The christen Jews will not be obliged to wear this mark.

UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE, MINISTER,
DIVISION GENERAL,
I. Popescu

COPY OF THE 3RD ARMY ORDER NO. 25007/941

Following the order no 22077/B - 8/7/1941, The Presidency of the Board of Ministries, under no.7436 – 8/7/1941 has approved that all the Jews from Moldova, Bucovina and Bessarabia, from the east of Nistru also, to be obliged to wear, under severe punishments, a distinctive mark, formed of a six corner star (two overlapping triangles) made of yellow fabric or cloth, of 7 cm in diameter, on a black background. - This mark will be sewed on the left side of the chest. - Please release the necessary orders,

Certified by sergeant major Zgăvărdici
Verified by Lt. Col. M. Georgescu

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE
NO 978 – 7/17/1941

To Mr. Minister Riosanu, General Antonescu assignee, Cernowitz

I am honored to report the followings:
In Radauti Garrison there are Romanian and German officers, coming and staying for a limited period of time and being unfamiliar with the Radauti society, they use to go out with Jewish women.
Those defiant and immoral Jewish women are welcoming the officers’ approach with subversive purposes and could become a real menace for the state security.
In order to easily cap and survey those Jewish women, a general order issued under your authority will be necessary stating that all Jewish men and women to wear on their cloths, visible on their chest, the Judaic mark on a blue background.

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

Mailed on 7/17/1941

Radauti Roman Catholic Parish
No.161/43
Radauti, on 4/16/1943

Obligation to wear the Star of David for baptized Jews

Mr. Prefect,

The High Government allows, last time on February 1943, for the Jews to be baptized, without changing at all their civil status.
After baptize was performed, the Catholic Church receive among its believers those of Jewish origin, too.
Allowing the Jews to be baptized, they were permitted - naturally – to attend mass, to wear Christian ensigns, because being baptize they are members of the Catholic Church, now.
On the other hand, according to the Christian faith rules, it is not allowed to the baptized Jews to wear ensigns of another religion but the Christian religion.
Thus the order that require baptize Jews to wear, them too, the Star of David is creating some difficult situations, because it is a public display of the belief in a future Savior who is still to resurrect.
Christians of Jewish origin are therefore forced to be bound to the religion they were given up and prevent them to completely open to the Catholic Church which receive them and contrary to the guarantee freedom of belief.
For that matter it is hard to believe that The High Government, which allows Jews to be baptized, has the intention to hinder the baptize consequences, constraining the baptize Jews to confess the forsaken faith and thus preventing the catholic church to make, with the help of the divine grace, good Christians out of them.
To dispel these contradictions, I respectfully ask you to deign to order what you consider to be fit for the baptize Jews to be exempted from the Star of David wearing.

Please accept, Mr. Prefect, the promise of my distinguished esteem,

Roman-catholic vicar and archpriest,
Monsignor Ioan Malec

To his Excellency Mr. prefect of Radauti County
Receiving no. 296-4/20/1943

The request refers to the following persons:

Rudich Mina Francisca, widow
Adelsberg Richard
Adelsberg Zosia Elisabeth, Richard’s …
Adelsberg Henrietta Maria, Richard’s daughter
Rudich Bertha Gertha, Salomon’s …, unmarried
Hamburger Clara Maria, Leon’s widow
Liquornik Rudolf, war cripple, blind
Liquornik Hertha, Rudolf daughter

Roman-catholic vicar and archpriest,
Monsignor Ioan Malec

Inter-Ethnic Marriage - October 1941

2009-09-09T18:30:00.000-07:00

Mr. Prefect,

The undersigned Straub Rochus, resident in Brodina commune, Radauti County, mechanic, roman-catholic, born in Ciudeiu commune, Storojineti County, having a wife of mosaïque ethnic origin and finding that all Jews from Radauti County must leave the country, I have the honor to ask you to deign to order that my wife could remain next to me for the following reasons:

1. I married Miss Rosa Pistiner, of mosaïque ethnic origin, daughter of Abraham and Czarny, on August 17, 1935, abiding all legal requirements.
2. From our marriage we have a child which we named Silva, born on 1939.
3. My wife has a good consent for the Homeland and for Germany as you can verify at the local Gendarmerie Office.
4. It will be easy to prove that she was never involved in any politics, the kikehood did not suit her, because from the moment of her marriage she left her parents house and never went back there to her parents or to other relatives and even with the kikes in our town she was never in contact.
5. The undersigned I am of German ethnic origin and I am all aware that most of the Jews are arch-enemy of the Christianity, but because I live with my wife from 1935 and all this time she never left me not even for a moment and we live in very good understanding and following the Christian rules, I became convinced that she has a good consent for the Christians and it suits her.
6. This can be proved by the local authorities as well as the local inhabitants and neighbors.
7. My wife has not, nor have not any relative in this commune or Jewish acquaintances to be related to.
8. As a widower with two underage children for which I could not found better childcare than the above mentioned wife who took the best Christian care for my underage children and for this reason all Jews from our commune were her worst enemies and she has a very bad reputation among them.

As I receive a strict order from the Brodina commune mayor Mr. Hudema Dumitru, that my wife should immediately leave the commune and having a toddler with her, if my wife will leave me I will be very miserable, left without housekeeper and mother for the child.
With profound respect please, Mr. Prefect, to deign to order that my above mentioned demand to be satisfied.

Please accept, Mr. Prefect, the promise of my special esteem and consideration,

Brodina, October 15 1941
Rochus Straub
Prefecture entry no. 1962 – 10/20/1941

The Romanian and German state, because a truly German citizen never marry under no circumstances a Jewish woman, as for the Jews, we know them too well how loyal are they to the state who shelter them.
Such is the case presented and taking into consideration the mood of the population who is criticizing the current ruling regime because we still stumbling into kikes even orders have been given that all Jews must be lifted from the town and that the authorities tolerate them or regarded them with indifference and carelessness.
For these reasons, ruling out any consideration our opinion is and we are asking an order to lift that Jewish woman out of our town as well as the other Jews, to end this situation and to stop criticisms and reproaches toward authorities and even towards Government, those with a special agenda even using such cases to fuel propaganda among population this way.

Head of Brodina police station,
Warrant-officer …

The Story of Siret Jews - May/October 1941

2009-09-09T17:30:00.000-07:00

Translation of the document and name table for 398 Jews from Siret.

Jewish Community from Siret, Currently evacuated in Radauti

Prefecture reg. no 1073 – 7/26/1941

Mr. Prefect,

Previously to the fights against Bolsheviks, the entire population of Siret – Jews and Christians – was evacuated.
Later on, Christian population return, while the Jews have not, they have been replaced in Craiova, Calafat and Radauti.
The consequences of this situation have been and continue to be disastrous, for the Jewish population and most of all, for the city itself.
The city was left without its essential craftsmen and most of all, without the basic merchandise, left behind in the shops, subject to spoil.
The Jews left their homes and shops full of goods and other belongings unattended, exposed to ongoing robbery which local authorities cannot stop.
All these shortcomings and deficiencies could be avoided if the measure of eviction could be revoked.
Keeping in mind that Siret is an urban township and the evacuation of the Jews from rural township do not include them, as was the case with the Jews from other cities such as Suceava or Radauti, etc, we trust that this is a temporary situation and we are looking forward to resolve it.
We want to underline Mr. Prefect, that the Jews from Siret has been and continue to be loyal subjects of the country, they were never been found guilty of any wrong doing against State security or against The Army and they always fulfill their civic duties.
Therefore, the undersigned vice president of the above mentioned community, respectfully ask you to deign to allow this Jews from Siret to be free to return to Siret for the above mentioned purposes.
We are kindly ask you to accept our deepest esteem and profound devotion,
Vice president of the Siret Jewish community,

Simon L. Kraft

The prefect, Lt. Col. Ionescu, resolution:
Until further orders, all that can be done is to guard and to make lists of the goods remain after Bolsheviks bombardments.

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE
OFFICE
NO 1073 – 7/28/1941

TO THE RADAUTI POLICE

I am honored to ask you to deign to inform The Siret Jewish Community vice-president S.L. Kraft that his solicitation, for the Jews from Siret to be let free, cannot be approved because it’s in contradiction with the higher orders.

Prefect,
Lt.Col. Ionescu

Mailed on 7/29/1941

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE OFFICE
NO 1066 – 7/28/1941

TO THE HOME OFFICE,
STATE ADMINISTRATION DIVISION
BUCHAREST

In response to your order no 11308 – 7/22/1941, I’m honored to report the followings:
1. The Jews from the rural townships of Radauti County have been evacuated under the gendarme legions supervision to the county capital. Their total number is 1193 and they are of two categories: 76 Jews were evacuated from the rural townships pending to The Radauti County before the liberation of the northern Bucovina from Bolsheviks occupation and other 1117 Jews were evacuated from the rural townships annexed to The Radauti County after their liberation from this occupation.
2. The Jews evacuation from Siret, the only rural township not a county capital, was made at the army orders as following:
• According to order M.U. Basarab no. 51540/941 and 51541/941, on 7/19/1941, a number of 1600 Jews were evacuated from Dornesti commune, Radauti County and on 7/21/1941, with the army and police help, a number of 1350 Jews were evacuated from Cacica and Bratestii de Sus, Suceava County to be sent to Calafat and Craiova.
• The remaining 250 Jews from Siret were sent to Dornesti, Radauti County, as unable to be moved, sick or disable.
• There are no Jews left in other towns and communes in the county.
3. We do not have organized labor camps in the county. All the evacuated Jews from Siret and from all over the county are confined, part of them in a special Jewish quarter and others in Jewish houses of prayers placed also in these Jewish quarters, under police control and surveillance, as we reported under no. 915 – 7/11/1941.
• All valid Jews are daily employed in community services such as: roads repair and maintenance, ditches excavation, removing the weeds from barren lands, spreading gravel on the roads, loading and unloading wagons with ammunitions for Radauti garrison.
• For this labors we are daily employing 300-400 Jews, under the management, supervision and guidance of the clerks of The County Technical Service, City Hall and Police, without any payment in money or in kind.
• They are supplied by the local wealthy Jews and by the Jewish Community.
4. As mentioned on 2nd paragraph above, 1350 Jews from Radauti County have been evacuated in Calafat and Craiova.
5. Police observation posts guard the prayer houses and communal guardians patrol the Jewish quarters.
The 3rd Army headquarter, under the order no 21467 – 7/23/1941, informed us that the Jews from the liberated communes will be sorted by the Cernauti Rangers Office and those found suspects will be send to camps and those found guilty will be prosecuted in marshal court.
Special report about steps to follow with this Jews will follow.

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

Mailed on 7/29/1941

Copy

Marshal,

The undersigned inhabitants of the commune Siret, Radauti County, with honor and profound respect we are complaining about the followings:
We receive the information that some of so called Christian intellectuals within the commune of Siret are dwelling relentlessly over the authorities in charge to bring back to Siret, city destroyed by bombardments and former capital of the King Sas Voda [Sas Voda (1353 - 1358), son of Dragos Voda, founder of the state of Moldova, vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom] and others, the Jews which with great difficulty have been evacuated from the city.
For this plague to be brought back to Siret it will rise a profound indignation among the genuine Romanians and it will escalate into mass disorders because nobody, among the pure Romanians which believe in the future of this country and in our great protector Marshal Antonescu, will accept that those kikes will step again on the Romanian land nor to be brought back to Siret for the Romanian peasant to be kikes’ slave again.
Therefore we trust your support, Marshal, with respect we are asking you to take measure that the evacuee Jews to be taken far away from this parts, this action will open the eyes of the poor Romanian peasant even more because it is for him that today the Christ resurrect and Satan is melting like wax on site.
Please accept, Marshal, the promise of our special esteem and consideration,

A list of around 270 names follows.

ROMANIA
HOME OFFICE
STATE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
TO THE RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECT

Your file number / Your date / Our file and number (to be mentioned on replay) / Date 1887 10/4/1941 018896 A 10/1/1941
Regarding:
We are honored to forward you, attached, in original, the petition addressed to Marshal Antonescu, The Head of the State and handed over to our office by the Presidency of the Board of Ministers under the number 96496/941, in which the inhabitants of Siret commune, from that county, are asking that the evacuee Jews from that town not to be brought back, and we are kindly ask you to inform us, returning the annex.
For the Minister
Director,
The prefect resolution for the Office and for the Management Office:
To order the chief of police to investigate those denouncers and those vicious and those unauthorized. Jews are to remain in the capital of the county. To report that only 3 Jews are mobilized to work and are working to repair the bombarded schools. Other Jews are mobilized at the Recruitment Center working to repair the Siret military barracks. To send to the Police a plea copy with the denouncers names.
Col. Ionescu

ROMANIA
Radauti County Prefecture
Office
No.1887-10/4/1941
To Radauti City Police
Attached you will receive the complaint of several inhabitants of the city of Siret, you are asked to deign to order an investigation to be conducted over those denouncers, vicious and unauthorized.
In the same time you are informed that the Jews are to remain in the capital of the county, except those working for the Recruitment Center
Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu
ROMANIA
Radauti county prefecture
Office
No. 10/4/1941
To
Home office
State management office
Bucharest
At your order no. 18896 A from October 1st 1941, regarding the petition of several inhabitants of the city of Siret demanding that the evacuee Jews from Siret not to be brought back, I am honored to report the followings:
The evacuee Jews from Siret are to remain at the capital of the Radauti County.
A number of 3 Jews mobilized for work are allowed to repair the schools bombarded by the enemies and a number 16 Jews mobilized by the Recruitment Center are working to repair the barrack Latcu Voda from Siret.
No other Jews except the above mentioned were allowed to return to Siret.
I asked for an investigation because those ones are Ukrainians by majority and they are permanently holding onto denunciations.
I am honored to return the annex.
Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

Deportation and Suicide - November 1941

2009-09-09T16:30:00.000-07:00

LIST - issued by the Radauti police with the jews from the city of Radauti who tried to commit suicide because of the evacuation and are being hospitalized in the local hospital in serious condition

1. Biller Reizel, housewife, 80, widow
2. Sorda Iohan, dentist, 48, married
3. Sorda India, wife, 33, married
4. Budich Sali, housewife, 70, married
5. Hermann Thea, housewife, 45, divorced
6. Drach Clara, housewife, 49, married
7. one non identified insane jewish woman

The Milk, the Mayor and the Jews - November 1941

2009-09-09T15:30:00.001-07:00

Radauti City Hall  

I am honored to inform you that it was brought to our attention by the Police General Directorate by order no. 40113/941 that the Red Cross meets difficulties in procuring necessary food for the wounded and a shortage of milk is observed on the market due to the fact that the milk is being bought up by the Jews.

  Please take all necessary measures to assist the Red Cross and if needed to restrict the buying of milk by Jews.  

Chief of Radauti Police
 Calefariu Liviu  

Chief of the Administrative Office
 Commissioner 
A. Constantinescu  

On the letter appears the Mayors reply:  

11/20/1941

Following the evacuation of the kikes [jidanilor] from Radauti, the market has now sufficient milk supply. (to take on file)

City Mayor - Secretary

The Consequences of Deportation - July/November 1941

2009-09-09T14:30:00.000-07:00

SIRET CITY HALL
RADAUTI COUNTY
No 1813 – 7/17/1941

Radauti County Prefecture
No 989 – 7/17/1941

In response to your demand no 743 – 6/20/1941 we respectfully inform you that all Jews were evacuated from our town.
Therefore, we are not able to submit a working program to for the roads pavement.

Mayor,
Secretary,

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE
PREFECT OFFICE
No 1057/41 – 7/26/1941

TO THE RADAUTI HEAD OF POLICE
7/28/1941

In response to Mr. Nathan Korn, brush maker from Radauti, we respectfully inform you that the release, under permanent supervision, of the Jews Menaches Meier and David Israel, workers from The Brushes Factory, was approved, providing that they we manufactures for the army exclusively brushes from pigs hear.

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

ROMANIA
BUCOVINA GOVERNMENT
ADMINISTRATIV DIVISION
ARMY OFFICE
CERNOWITZ
NO 469/confidential - 10/13/1941

TO THE RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE

We respectfully inform you that on the German Headquarter in Bucharest demand, The General Governor approved that the Jew Edvin Stefan Rudich, with his wife and children, not to be evacuated, in order to work for the German army.
Therefore, we are asking you to release your necessary order.

Office director
Major,
Marinescu[?]

OFFICIAL REPORT
10/15/1941

We, the chef of Radauti police, Calefariu Liviu and Ion Volosin, labor under supervisor in Radauti, meeting in the police office and verifying the Jewish personal not evacuated in the beer, liquor and alcohol industry interest of continue good working from the S. Rudich Company in Radauti and from “Rabot” Company, which supply wooden material for the German army war necessities, we establish the following:

I. In the “S. Rudich” Brewery the following workers with their mentioned qualifications are needed:
1. Ervin S. Rudich, owner and licensed beer maker
2. Stern Solomon, master beer maker
3. Schädel Moses, master liquor maker
4. Feld Moses, master alcohol maker
5. Kurzberg Melech, master mechanic and refiner

II. The “Rabot” Company need the followings:
1. Iosif Margulies, master in wood industry and administrator, in charge with the contract closed with the German army undergoing
2. Wolitzer Wilhelm, legal advisor and expert
3. Iacob Rudich, master sorter
4. Weiner Mayer, wood sorter
5. Richard Adelsberger, co-owner and master sorter

Keeping in mind that we are lacking specialized workers in these particular fields, these Jewish workers cannot be replaced with ethnic Romanian workers and if they will be evacuated, these industries will suffers, inflicting great loses to the state budget on one hand, and putting numerous Christian workers out of work causing unions unrest, on the other hand, we recommend these Jews, previously nominated, to stay put.
Therefore we are closing the present official report,

Chef of police,
Calefariu Liviu
Labor under supervisor,
Ion Volosin

ROMANIA
LABOR MINISTRY
LABOR DIVISION RADAUTI
No 1046 – 11/5/1941
TO THE RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE
No 24978 – 11/6/1941

In response to your letter no 23795 – 10/27/1941, we respectfully return the official report listed under the same number, closed on 10/15/1941, reporting the following measures taken for the Jewish workers alternate workers in the “Alcohol” Company “former S. Rudich” and “Rabot”, both based in Radauti:

1. To alternate the Jew Stern Solomon, master beer maker, we plea the O.C.R. Bucharest because we are lacking here, in Radauti, this kind of Christian masters.
2. The same for Schädel Moses, master liquor maker, Feld Moses, master alcohol maker and Kurzberg Melech, master mechanic and refiner.

Regarding the personnel from German company “Rabot”:

1. Margulies Iosef will be alternate with Gheorghe Ritt from Brodina
2. Iacob Rudich will be alternate with Ienchis Iosif
3. Wolitzer Wilhelm will be alternate with Vacarean Petru
4. Weiner Meier with Lupu Vasile
5. Richard Adelberger, being co-owner, will leave for Germany in spring, when presumably the purveyor contract will end.

Head of labor under supervisor office Radauti,
Under supervisor,…

The Aron Wolf Schaffer Case - December 1941

2009-09-09T13:30:00.000-07:00

COPY
No 11061 – 12/4/1941
Camp for Political detainees Tr. Jiu

To: Siret Police

According to letter no. 69647/S – 12/1/1941 issued by The Police General Office we are honored to sent you the detainee Aron Wolf Schaffer, which is scheduled to be sent to Bug or Northern Galitzia, under the same condition as the Jews from Bessarabia or Northern Bucovina.

Camp commander,
Col. Gh.Zlatescu
Head of identification bureau
Lt. col. C. Enasel

ROMANIA
HOME OFFICE
RADAUTI COUNTY POLICE
No. 72539 – 12/16/1941

To: Radauti County Prefecture – Entry no. 2340-12/22/1941

We are honored to report that The Camp For Political Detainees Tg. Jiu, with the letter no.11061 – 12/4/1941 attached in copy, sent us the inmate suspect Aron Wolf Schaffer which, under the order of The Police General Office … over the border, to Bug or Northern Galitzia.
With our letter no.7253/S – 12/11/1941 we intervene by The Radauti Garrison to release two bills of passage for the Jew and for his convoy consisting of the public guardian Clipa Porfir, but The Garrison Radauti, with the letter no. 3368 – 12/13/1941, inform us that they will not be able to release those bill of passage requested by that Police because they have no order for this particular case, therefore the Jew mentioned above could not be evacuated.
We intervene by The Cernowitz Police Headquarter with our report no. 7253/S/1941 to decide accordingly.

Head of police, …
Head of security bureau, …

Prefect resolution: To release ones of the bills we have in order to be immediately evacuated. Execution in 24 hours. Col Ionescu

Prefecture Office Entry no 2354-12/23/1941

Mr. Prefect,

The undersigned Schäffer Wolf, merchandiser from Siret, 9 Franz Beill St,
With honor I ask you to deign to order the Siret City Hall to release me the sum of over 190.000 lei from their safe, resulted from the sale of 3 freight cars of corn taken from my corn warehouse and I am motivating my request as following:

On 6/7/1941 I was taken from my residence in Siret and imprisoned in the Tg. Jiu Camp. My family remains in Siret until 6/26/1941 when they have been evacuated with the rest of the population. With part of the population coming back, the Siret City Hall, under the pretext that the population is lacking corn, open my warehouse where I kept corn of over 350.000 lei worth and sold all these corn, as Mr. Mayor pretends, with only over 190.000 lei, money that he kept for me.
Being released from the camp and with absolutely no fortune, I asked Mr. Mayor to release me at least these amount of money he pretend getting it. His Excellency declares to me that he kept it to my disposal but he could not release it to me without the Prefecture accord. Because I am seriously ill and because my entire fortune was destroyed, please, deign to order the release of this money, in the same time I renounce any amends for my corn warehouse.

To his Excellency,
Mr. Prefect of the Radauti County

Siret Headquarter Police
No. 10467/S – 12/31/1941

To RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE

In response to your order no 2354 Office 12/23/1941
We are honored to report that the Jew Aron Wolf Schäffer released from Tg. Jiu Camp for Political detainees, has been sent to The Radauti Police under the no. 10020 – 12.10.1941 to be overpass into Galitzia or Bug.

HEADQUARTER COMMANDER
Superintendent, …

How to Use Jews - July/August 1941 + July 1942

2009-09-09T12:30:00.000-07:00

DIRECTIONS

For the usage of Jews assigned for forced labor in squads, at the military units, state institutions, in factories, as written under the General Directions of the General Headquarter no. 55.500/VII.1942

1. THE ORGANIZATION and the security for the outside labor squads fall under the C.4.A. and the local squads for C.R. commission.
2. LODGING of these Jews shall be provided by the institutions that use them - in tents, barracks, or isolated buildings under no circumstances should they be housed in the villages, so they are not given any opportunities to make subversive propaganda or engage in sexual relationships with the women from the villages.
The Jews are not allowed to leave the working site, the camp or the bivouac.
A blanket and a mattress cover should be brought by the Jews.
The institution or the military unit should draw up a register with the daily attendance and absence for all the Jews assigned for forced labor.
3. THE FOOD for the Jews will be provided by the institutions that use them; personal dishes will be brought by the Jews.
For the procurement of the necessary food products, two or three lower ranks soldiers from each unit shall be used.
Jews working in outside or local squads in the neighborhood of their city of residence may be allowed to sleep over night in their homes, provided that their maximum work efficiency is not diminished.
Jews have the right to salary, maintenance, food in kind or food allowance, just like regular soldiers (33.50 Lei/day)
All these rights should be covered by the institution that uses them.
4. THE CLOTHES. The Jews will work dressed in their own clothes, with a 15 lei/day allowance to cover its wearing off, exclusively for the working days on the working site.
The family allowance shall be provided under the provisions of the law referring to the regular soldiers, with the monthly quota reduced to half.
You will be informed about all this data by The Local Recruitment Center. The 15 lei/day allowance and the family help will be covered by the institution that uses them and only for those deprived and those hardworking.
The rights of the officers, lower officers and other lower ranks guarding the working squads are those mentioned in the directions no 55.500/942, page 10 and are covered by The National Defense Ministry.
5. THE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE for the working squads will be provided by the Jewish doctors. For the Jews from the local squads by The Recruitment Center doctor. The cases of temporary medical leave or hospital admission shall be confirmed by the institution that uses them doctor, by the affiliate recruitment center doctor or by the any military unit around doctor.
The emergency medication shall be provided by the institution that uses the Jews.
The Jews assigned for outside working squads will be checked by The Recruitment Center doctor.
The Jewish doctors assigned to the working squads are considered to do forced labor and will not benefit from The Military Decree no. 23325/941, advertised in The Army Monitor on 15.V.1942.
Any Jewish doctor is under the obligation to work at least 90 days of forced labor per year, having the same rights of payment, maintenance, food (money or in kind) as the regular soldiers.
6. VACATIONS - LEAVE OF ABSENCES. All Jews used for forced labor in outside working squads could benefit of a 15 days vacation for every 6 months – approved by The 4th Territorial Headquarters.
There will be no other permission, leave of absence or vacation for the Jews assigned to outside or local working squads.
7. WORKING RULE.
a). the Jews from all working squads shall work 9 hours per day. Working schedule shall vary according to the season and shall be set up by the local authorities or by the institution that uses them and will be POSTED in each workshop or worksite.
The squad’s commanders shall establish the working quota to be completed daily by each Jew and will push them so that this daily quota should be completed every day.
This working schedule will be signed by the working site or working shops managers and they shall remain responsible for the Jews work attendance and work efficiency.
A copy of each working schedule shall be sent to The Territorial Army Headquarters and as well as to The Local Recruitment Centers.
b). It is absolutely forbidden to disperse the Jews in small scattered working units because it will be difficult to manage and survey them.
Therefore, the Jews from all squads will work together or in closely manageable groups by the officers, lower officers and other lower ranks responsible for the Jews attendance and activities, in their responsibilities.
Each squad, subunit or group commander or supervisor shall carry a paper notebook with the Jews name table updated with all their movements based on which it could be extracted each Jew quota, with the number of working days as well as the number of leave of absences days.
c). The above directions and obligations are compulsory both for the Jews working in the outside or local working squads and for the Jews assigned for forced labor in institutions or factories.
8. CONTROL, SANCTIONS, ANNULEMENTS
The institution that uses Jews has the obligation to ensure the control and usage of the Jews for the required and approved purpose, as well as their maximum work efficiency.
It is forbidden to change the use of requested Jews sent for forced labor.
In order to accomplish this, the institution using Jews shall draw up a name table for all this Jews, daily updated with all their movements.
a) The Local Recruitment Center shall be informed about the absentee or unwilling to work Jews
b) for minor deviations (work delays, laziness, unruly behavior, etc) the squad military commander is allowed to administer the Jews a corporal punishment according to the military rule.
c) for the following violations all Jews and their families (father, mother, spouses and children) shall be sent to Transnistria, for hard forced labor or in ghettos:
- frequent violations according to the entry b)
- for not working tireless, for avoiding to work by deceit, bribery, absences, leaving without permission
- for failing to notify the change of their address to The Local Recruitment Center even if an approval of The Home Office was obtained.
- for having sexual relationships with Romanian women
If the guilty Jewish men will not voluntarily surrender or if the police fail to track them down, their respective families shall be sent to Transnistria.
The ROMANIAN citizens helping Jews to avoid forced labor will also be sent to Transnistria.
d) any intervention for special privileges is absolutely forbidden regardless of who performs the intervention.
Those who intervene shall be reported by the C.4.A. Headquarter to the General Headquarter.
e) the Jews used for forced labor are subject to the military jurisdiction according the entry 9) from L.L. referring to The Jews Military Status
f) the Romanian workers assigned to work aside qualified or professional Jewish workers and who failed to embrace the chosen or appointed work or profession within the deadline set by the Central Office for Romanization shall be sent to labor camps.
The Romanian employers accepting fake assignments in order to maintain Jewish workers, thus sabotaging the Romanization of labor, shall also be sent to labor camps.
9. At the end of the work assignment the institution is expected to return all the assigned Jews to the same Recruitment Center, as received, with the hand in name tables.
10. The General Headquarter, through its branches or local headquarters, as well as The Central Office for Romanization, through its control teams, shall verify on location if the Jews with a waiver released by The Central Revision Committee and thus being appointed for the same work to a different institution or factory, are actually necessary and are used for the appointed duty.
All the established unruly facts will be reported to The Army Territorial Headquarters who shall decide the annulment of the approval and the removal of the employment flag, not only for the Jews found guilty but for all Jews assigned to that institution or factory.
The exemptions from forced labor for Jews assigned to institution or factories that are no longer working or have given up their services will also be reported.
The waiver right will be lost for the Jews whose employers discontinue their commercial or industrial activities or give up the use of Jews.
The offenders to these directions will lose in the future the benefits of Jewish workforce, besides other penalties applicable accordingly.

The chief of the C.4.A. Headquarter
Colonel Gh. Constantinescu

The chief of 1st bureau
Lt. Col. Cantemir

ADDENDUM
It is again emphasizing that in any unit – institution, factory, etc., where Jews are assigned for forced labor, a perfect discipline must rule.
Any unruly facts shall be immediately reported to The Recruitment Center and to The 4th Territorial Headquarter.
No tolerance is admitted.

For conformity,
R. Chiriac

ROMANIA
RADAUTI COUNTY PREFECTURE entry number 1440 – 8/27/1941
HOME OFFICE
CONFIDENTIAL
Deputy state secretary office
Nr.7689 – 8/21/1941

MR. PREFECT,

1. According the order no. 7886 – 8/14/1941 issued by The Presidency of the Minister’s Board, it was decided that all Jews that have been evacuated according to the order Gendarmerie headquarter from your county, as shown on reverse, will return in the county capital from where they have been evacuated.
2. The Jews transportation will be accompanied by passing bills issued by the respective Garrisons at the request of the prefect from the county where embarking took place.
3. Our department intervene with the addresses no. 7689 – 8/20/1941 as follows:
a. To The Defense Ministry, to The Deputy State Secretary for Land Forces, to issue telegraphic orders to the designated garrison for the releases of the necessary numbers of passing bills.
b. To The General Office of the National Railways Company to provide the necessary wagons in the embarking railways stations.
c. To The General Headquarter, section I, to issue the necessary orders for the Jews usage for community labors after their arrival in the counties residence cities.
4. The transportation guarding will be provided by you, with gendarmes from The Gendarme’s Legion.
5. The food for the transportation will be provided by The Prefectures from where the Jews are leaving and for this you will contact local officials of The National Railways Company to find the transportation duration. The local Jewish communities will cover the costs for the food.
6. At their return at the designated county capital they will be hand over with paper forms to the county prefect who will proceed according to the in force orders, that is they will be closely surveyed and they will be used for community labors following The General Headquarters orders released through the local Recruitment Centers.
7. On September the 5th the county Prefectures from the departing point as well as those from the arrival end will report about the achievement of the present order showing precisely how many Jews were sended, by the categories (men, women, children).

MINISTER DEPUTY STATE SECRETARY
DIVISION GENERAL,
I.Popescu

The prefect resolution: The Jewish community to cover the costs; to report the achievement on 9/3/1941. Signed, Col Ionescu
On reverse: Mention about the cities where the Jews were evacuated: to Craiova, Dolj county – 468 Jews from Radauti county; to Calafat, Dolj county – 753 Jews from Radauti county.

Romania
Radauti County Prefecture
Office
No. 1006 – 7/22/1941
To:
1. Minister Riosanu, authorized by Gen. Antonescu for Bucovina administration, in Cernowitz
2. Home Office, in Bucharest

With honor I ask you to deign to order The Radauti Garrison to release the necessary personnel for the surveillance of a number of around 1000 Jews evacuated from the surrounding villages under Bolsheviks occupation and brought to Radauti.
The Radauti Police have insufficient personal for this job because the numbers of gendarmes has diminished being transferred to the liberated counties, besides this, we need to organize also the surveillance for the Jews confined in Radauti.
The Radauti Garrison gave personnel for surveillance for only two days letting us know that they cannot maintain this job for the above purpose.

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

3rd Army Command
Section II Headquarter
Military postal office no.30
To enforce: 4 and 5 Territorial Commandments; all Garrison Commandments; Yassy and Cernowitz Police
To inform: all County Prefectures; Martial Court; 3rd Army Pretorial Service (pretura is a subdivision of the county)
To report: 3rd Army 1st Echelon
No. 22.011/B – 8/4/1941

To The Radauti County Prefecture - SECRET

We have the honor to communicate the followings:

The homeland, with the order no. 5617 – 8/281941, inform that, although many orders were released about the Jews usage for roads reparation and others various communities labors inside the cities, providing them in exchange with food and tobacco, still this order was not executed.
Very few Jews have been seen working.
General Antonescu order that all Jews remain in the country to be actively used for the above mentioned labors.
Therefore we order:
a) Any unmotivated leniency or favors towards those who, to these days, are serving the soviets mainly in the liberated territories, must end immediately; there, on a daily basis, they are producing sabotages and terrorism with victims among officers and soldiers and destroying the state belongings.
b) The garrisons commanders, together with the police, are responsible for the strictly obedience of this order.
c) The county commander will control, reporting on 15 and on 30 of each month their observations made locally. On that occasion he will indicate those responsible for not obeying the present order.

Headquarters commander,
General Zaharescu
Section II commander,
Major Mangesius

Repatriates at the USSR/Romanian Border - March/April 1946

2009-09-09T12:00:00.000-07:00

10,673 repatriates, mainly Jews from Northern Bukovina, crossed the USSR/Romanian border at Siret in March/April 1946, i. e. those Jews who survived Transnistria and the Holocaust.

LISTINGS AVAILABLE AS EXCEL FILES:

By cortesy of Dr. Marian Olaru, Director of the Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi National College and Bukovina Institute, both located in Rădăuți/Romania.

Official statement

We, A. Apati, Radauti County prefect, in joint agreement with Radauti Police and the local authorities and according to The Home Office order,
According to the agreement between The Romanian State and The U.S.S.R., currently a number of 15.000 Romanian citizens are being repatriated from The U.S.S.R. through the custom check point Tereblecea-Siret.
In keeping with The Home Office dispositions, those repatriated citizens are to be directed to the main land, their settlement in the border area being forbidden.
In order to strictly obey The Home Office order, particularly because many of those repatriated are leaving Siret city without any passing released by the police authorities in charge with their orientation and settle at relatives or friends in the Siret area and Radauti County,
We are decided:
No inhabitant from the city area or from Radauti County, under no circumstances, is allowed to receive (for definitive move or only for a few days visit) any of those repatriates, even closely relatives or acquaintances.
Receiving those repatriated is not allowed even without luggage for a few days visit those ones must leave the custom check point directly to the place town designated by the custom police offices.
Those not obeying this decisions and secretly receiving for definitive move or only for a few days visit those repatriates will suffer severe sanctions leading to their own expelling from Radauti City or County.
Radauti City Police Office with the help and support of the Radauti Garrison and Radauti Gendarme Legion will order as many raids as needed in the city and in the county in order to check the precise application of this decision.
Issued today March 16, 1946 in our office.
Radauti county prefect,
A. APATI

Head of Radauti Police
D. CONDURACHE

HOME OFFICE
ADMINISTRATIVE GENERAL DIVISION
State Administration Division
No. 21911 from April 25, 1946

CIRCULAR LETTER

From The USSR and the other neighboring countries victims of fascist-hitlerist persecutions are coming home.
Deported by the murderer antonescian regime, butchered by the hundreds of thousands, they are returning broken, in a free democratic country.
Let’s pay a special care and attention for them!
Those repatriates are Romanian citizens. Returning back in the country, they should enjoy all the concern of the democratic regime set up on March the 6th 1945; to be supported to resume their normal life, scoundrely interrupted by the dictatorial regime overthrow on August 23rd 1944.
The county prefectures and all the local authorities will completely support those repatriates taking the necessary measures for their housing on their coming back and for taking up a job. Those victims of the late dictatorial regime in Romania must receive a worm welcoming from the authorities of the present democratic regime which constantly endeavor for a better social order and for the correction of the injustices of a sad memory past.
Of course, in turn, the repatriates are assuming the obligation to thoroughly respect the country laws and the authority’s decisions proving that they are loyal citizens deserving the state support and concern.

Minister,
TEOHARI GEORGESCU

This order was sent:
To be put into practice: to the county prefects, to the cities mayors
For information: to the administrative inspection offices.

The King, Antonescu and the Jews - July 1941

2009-09-09T11:30:00.000-07:00

ROMANIA
Radauti county prefecture
Office
No. 1080 – 7/27/1941

To division general D. Popescu
Home office
Bucharest

I have the honor to report the followings:

On the occasion of His Majesty the King visit on July 24 1941 the General Antonescu, the head of state, requested close information about all the problems regarding the county, the economic situation of the villages, cities, the procurement, the population state of mind and especially the Jewish affair.
Regarding the Jewish affair General Antonescu found our measure in conformity with the Home Office orders, and justified particularly after it was reported to him that from the Jewish population hostages were taken, important persons and 150 fitted Jews from all level of society, able at any time to undermine the state security.
General Antonescu ordered that all these not to enjoy any liberty, on the contrary, to be used only to hard labor and to take the necessary measure that all the business trade they owned to be handed over to the Romanian which must be sustained with all the possible advantages.
I have reported that this measure has been already taken, forming nucleus and some quite successful beginnings for the Romanian tradesmen, for the workshops, etc.
The difficulties for the prefecture are coming from the fact that there are still quite a few Romanian citizens protecting and intervening for freedom for these Jews hogging the economic environment.
In our endeavor we are obstructed by the Col Opritia, the commander of The Recruitment Center who persistently asks, to this days, that the Jews remain free to carry on their commercial activities arguing that Radauti is under depression since these 150 Jews have been confined.

To emphasis the above report I present a file containing scores of requests coming from Jews pretending to be sick, inventing illness and being easily believed by Col Opritia, the commander of the recruitment center.
By the Radauti Garrison address no 28/1941 accompanied by 11 solicitations, each of it bearing the col. Opritia resolution, followed by reports written by the doctor, captain in reserve Dr. Alexa from Yassy, one can see the special interest shown to this Jews.
As for Col. Opritia’s part but mostly for the doctor’s part, in the meeting from July 14 of The County Commission for Sanitary Organization held to execute the order no. 1251 – 6/26/1941 issued by The National Defense Minister and The Home Office regarding the sanitary organization of the county, Dr. Alexa, on behalf of Col. Opritia, consider in this meeting that those 150 Jews must have the right to carry on their professions, that is to be left free in the Jewish quarter.
Col. Opritia, although he has no right to interfere my attributions as I am the sole responsible in front of you as enforcer of the orders and measures regarding those Jews, made a direct appeal to the Police for the liberation of 6 Jews, among the wealthier ones, as follows:

a. Asländer Isac and Goldschläger Efroim with the address no. 66 – 7/4/1941
b. Beer Moritz was hand over by the Police to the warrant-officer Costea from The Recruitment Center on 7/2/1941 but later, with the address no.64/1941, The Recruitment Center asks the Police to arrest him as a dangerous person. This Jew is currently missing and wanted, due to Col. Opritia’s intervention.
c. The Recruitment Center with the address no. 1063/1941 requested the liberation of Frankel Fania.
d. Idem with the address no. 1090/1941 requested the liberation of Beno Hirsch.
e. Idem with the address no. 1111/1941 requested the liberation of Wolf Postelnic
f. Idem with the address no. 1112/1941 requested the liberation of Wolf Aschenasie

With the address no. 1332/1941 from July 24 solicitations were made for the liberation of another 6 Jews also for illness reason under Dr. Alexa prescription as an obvious biased toward Jews.
In the same time I want to report that this measure taken to confine and watch those 150 Jews was inspired by the fact that those Jews in June 1940, when our troops pull back from Northern Bukovina, reacted by firing shotguns from their houses inducing panic into town.
To conclude, those Jews, excepting the freedom restrictions, enjoy a human treatment, medical assistance from their doctors, under the supervision of the county head doctor and the city head doctor.
There is no animosity against them but due only to this precaution measures in Radauti there were no events and people are satisfied with the fact that the Jews no longer indulge scaremongering and the black-marketing that they still practicing to this day.

Please deign to order a complete freedom for us to take the necessary measure to ensure the state security, leaving for the garrison only the duty to ensure the escort when needed.

Prefect,
Lt. Col. Ionescu

Firing Oder - July 1941

2009-09-09T11:00:00.000-07:00

HOME OFFICE
GENERAL SECRETARY OFFICE
Nr. 15755 – 7/30/1941
Radauti County Prefecture entry no. 1161 – 8/2/1941

To The Radauti County Prefecture

In response to no. 1006 / 1941 you will take the necessary measure to ensure surveillance with Jewish leaders.
In case they will run away, you will apply the order of General Antonescu sent to you under the no. 5811 – 7/18/1941, which stated that in case of running away, one in 10 will be shot.
The minister cannot provide solders or policemen to guard all the Jews.

General Secretary,
Col. N.Patrutoiu

The Prefect resolution: Copies will be sent to the police and the legion for strictly obedience. To confirm the receiving of this order. Signed, lt.col. Ionescu